目前在汽車設計中，高強度鋼板的大量使用使得冷作模具鋼在高強度鋼板沖切和彎曲工藝中的應用大量增加。下面我們就來簡單了解下冷作模具鋼在高強度鋼板沖切中的應用是怎樣的吧。

At present, in automobile design, the extensive use of high-strength steel plates has greatly increased the application of cold working die steel in the punching and bending process of high-strength steel plates. Now let's briefly understand the application of lower cold working die steel in punching high-strength steel plate.

高強度鋼板的使用對于環境保護大有裨益。一方面，使用高強度鋼板可以降低汽車的重量，所以減少了原材料的使用，降低了能耗。同時認為要降低二氧化碳的排放水平，其中一種可行的方法就是降低汽車自重，當然，對于汽車安全性的業要求在車身的關鍵部位采用高強度部件。高強度鋼板的使用增加了沖壓件的強度，從而獲得相同的強度使用的鋼板就會更少。

The use of high-strength steel plates is of great benefit to environmental protection. On the one hand, the use of high-strength steel plates can reduce the weight of cars, so the use of raw materials and energy consumption are reduced. At the same time, it is considered that one of the feasible ways to reduce the level of carbon dioxide emission is to reduce the self weight of the car. Of course, for the safety of the car, the industry requires the use of high-strength components in the key parts of the car body. The use of high-strength steel plates increases the strength of stamping parts, so that less steel plates will be used to obtain the same strength.

高強度鋼板的成形需要更高的沖切和工作力。因而，要求冷作模具鋼的硬度更高、韌性更好。高強度鋼板目前的性能特點和將來的發展要求研究更高性能的模具材料以滿足高強度鋼板的加工要求。

The forming of high-strength steel plate requires higher punching and working force. Therefore, cold working die steel is required to have higher hardness and better toughness. The current performance characteristics and future development of high-strength steel plate require the research of higher performance die materials to meet the processing requirements of high-strength steel plate.

通常來講，冷作模具鋼需要高硬度，因為高硬度可以防止模具的塑性變形或者嚴重的磨損。高硬度要求冷作模具鋼要求有比熱作和塑料模具鋼更高的碳含量。因為碳是獲得高硬度的主要元素，但是材料的韌性卻會下降。

Generally speaking, cold working die steel needs high hardness, because high hardness can prevent plastic deformation or serious wear of the die. High hardness requires that cold working die steel has higher carbon content than hot working and plastic die steel. Because carbon is the main element to obtain high hardness, but the toughness of materials will decline.

冷作模具鋼需要好的抗磨損性能、高的抗壓強度、和足夠的韌性及延展性。高的耐磨性可以增加模具的壽命減少維護引起的停機；高的抗壓強度可以防止模具發生塑性變形；足夠的韌性及延展性防止材料的早期開裂和崩刃。

Cold working die steel needs good wear resistance, high compressive strength, and sufficient toughness and ductility. High wear resistance can increase the service life of the die and reduce the downtime caused by maintenance; High compressive strength can prevent plastic deformation of the mold; Sufficient toughness and ductility to prevent early cracking and edge collapse of the material.

高的耐磨性不僅需要高的碳含量同時，應包含硬的碳化物。這些碳化物是碳和碳化物形成元素如鉻、釩、鉬、鎢等的化合物。通常，碳化物越硬，數量越多，尺寸越大耐磨性越好。

High wear resistance requires not only high carbon content, but also hard carbides. These carbides are compounds of carbon and carbide forming elements such as chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, etc. Generally, the harder the carbide is, the more the quantity is, and the larger the size is, the better the wear resistance is.

但是高硬度使得材料缺口效應更敏感。大的碳化物通常是疲勞裂紋的起源點。大多數的模具失效是由于疲勞開裂。疲勞裂紋通常在有缺口效應的地方起源，這些地方的應力集中比較強。一般，材料的高硬度使得疲勞裂紋的擴展非常迅速，也就是材料的整體開裂非常的快。

However, high hardness makes the material more sensitive to notch effect. Large carbides are usually the origin of fatigue cracks. Most die failures are due to fatigue cracking. Fatigue cracks usually originate in places with notch effect, where the stress concentration is relatively strong. Generally, the high hardness of the material makes the fatigue crack propagation very fast, that is, the overall crack of the material is very fast.

對于冷沖模具必須盡量減少引起裂紋起源的缺陷。裂紋起源的缺陷不僅包括碳化物還包括大的夾雜和模具表面的缺陷或尖角加之材料高硬度使得裂紋易于擴展。因此，冶金工藝的純凈度和模具表面的光潔度對于模具的壽命有重要影響。

For cold stamping dies, defects that cause crack origin must be minimized. The defects of crack origin include not only carbides, but also large inclusions and defects or sharp corners on the die surface. In addition, the high hardness of the material makes the crack easy to expand. Therefore, the purity of metallurgical process and the surface finish of the mold have an important impact on the life of the mold.

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