模具鋼是用來制造冷沖模、熱鍛模、壓鑄模等模具的鋼種。模具的質量直接影響著壓力加工工藝的質量、產品的精度產量和生產成本，那么對高溫下工作模具鋼材料的性能要求是怎樣的？

Die steel is a kind of steel used to manufacture cold stamping dies, hot forging dies, die-casting dies and other dies. The quality of the die directly affects the quality of the pressure processing process, the accuracy and output of the product and the production cost. What are the performance requirements of the steel material of the working die at high temperature?

具有良好的耐熱性

Good heat resistance

耐熱性是指模具鋼金屬材料在高溫下抵抗介質腐蝕與機械負荷同時作用的能力高溫下工作就木易發生破壞，它包括熱穩定性和熱強性兩個方面。

Heat resistance refers to the ability of die steel metal materials to resist the simultaneous action of medium corrosion and mechanical load at high temperature. Wood is easy to be damaged when working at high temperature, which includes thermal stability and thermal strength.

強度與韌性

Strength and toughness

零件在成形使模具承受著巨大的的沖擊、扭曲等負荷，尤其是現代高速沖壓、高速精密鍛造和液態成形等技術以及一次成形技術的發展，模具承受著更大的負荷，往往由于鋼材的強度和韌度不夠，造成型腔邊緣或局部塌陷、崩刃或斷裂而早期失效，因此模具熱處理后應具有較高的硬度和韌度。

The forming of parts makes the die bear huge loads such as impact and distortion, especially with the development of modern high-speed stamping, high-speed precision forging, liquid forming and other technologies, as well as one-time forming technology, the die bears a greater load. Often due to the insufficient strength and toughness of steel, the edge of the cavity or local collapse, edge collapse or fracture and early failure, so the die should have higher hardness and toughness after heat treatment.

熱穩定性

thermal stability

熱穩定性是指金屬材料在高溫下抵抗氧化和燃氣腐蝕的能力。金屬在高溫下常見的腐蝕破壞是氣體腐蝕，其中以氧化為常見，故熱穩定性通常是指金屬抵抗氧化的能力。熱穩定性高的材料，在高溫下使用時就不易產生劇烈的氧化而導致損壞。

Thermal stability refers to the ability of metal materials to resist oxidation and gas corrosion at high temperatures. The common corrosion damage of metals at high temperature is gas corrosion, in which oxidation is common, so thermal stability usually refers to the ability of metals to resist oxidation. Materials with high thermal stability are not easy to cause severe oxidation and damage when used at high temperatures.

熱強性

Thermal strength

熱強性是指金屬材料在高溫下抵抗塑性變形和破壞的能力，亦稱金屬高溫強度或稱熱強度。試驗表明，隨著溫度升高，金屬材料一般是強度降低而塑性增加(見圖61)。例如30CrMnSlA鋼，常溫強度ob＝1100MPa，在550度時，ob只有550MPa。

Thermal strength refers to the ability of metal materials to resist plastic deformation and destruction at high temperature, which is also called high temperature strength or thermal strength of metals. The test shows that with the increase of temperature, the strength of metal materials generally decreases and the plasticity increases (see Figure 61). For example, for 30crmnsla steel, the normal temperature strength ob = 1100mpa, and at 550 ℃, ob is only 550MPa.

另外，濟南模具鋼廠家認為在高溫下，隨著加載時間的延長，金屬的強度還要進一步下降。因此，金屬材料在高溫下的力學性能，除了考慮載荷因素外，還要考慮溫度和時間因素的影響，從而建立高溫強度指標。常用的高溫強度指標有高溫瞬時強度、蠕變強度(也稱蠕變極限)和持久強度(也稱長期強度)等。

In addition, Jinan die steel manufacturers believe that the strength of metal will further decline with the extension of loading time at high temperature. Therefore, the mechanical properties of metal materials at high temperature, in addition to the load factor, should also consider the influence of temperature and time factors, so as to establish the high temperature strength index. Commonly used high-temperature strength indicators include high-temperature instantaneous strength, creep strength (also known as creep limit) and rupture strength (also known as long-term strength).

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